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Strict Standards: Non-static method JLoader::load() should not be called statically in /home/net09362/domains/mcip.ir/public_html/libraries/loader.php on line 161
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نهایت نزدیک شدن انسان به خورشید
Strict Standards: call_user_func_array() expects parameter 1 to be a valid callback, non-static method JHTML::date() should not be called statically in /home/net09362/domains/mcip.ir/public_html/libraries/joomla/html/html.php on line 91
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شنبه ۱۸ آبان ۱۳۹۲ ساعت ۱۲:۵۹
کاوشگر خورشیدی جدید SPP قرار است به نزدیکترین فاصله تا خورشید، در منطقهای اطراف تاج خورشیدی نزدیک شود.
فضاپیمای خورشیدی SPP با هدف بررسی خورشید سال 2018 به فضا پرتاب شده و در نز.دیکترین فاصله با این ستاره سوزان قرار خواهد گرفت.
هیچ اشکالی از موجودات زنده در این کاوشگر قرار نمیگیرند، اما برای حفاظت از فضاپیما در برابر گرمای سوزان و پرتوهای نابودکننده خورشید به اقدامات خاصی نیاز است.
اما یک فضاپیما تا چه فاصلهیی میتواند به خورشید نزدیک شود؟ این کاوشگر برای در امان ماندن از گرمای سوزان خورشید درست مانند یک مربی که به یک شیر وحشی نزدیک میشود، مسیری محتاطانه و غیر مستقیم را بسوی خورشید در پیش میگیرد
ستاره سوزان منظومه شمسی
با وجود میدان مغناطیسی و جو زمین که نقش محافظتی در برابر خورشید دارد، آثار زیانبار پرتوهای خطرناک این ستاره سوزان همچنان ساکنان زمین را تهدید میکند.
ذرات باردار ناشی از توفانهای عظیم خورشیدی با سرعت بسیار بالا بسمت زمین حرکت کرده و باعث بروز اختلال در سیستمهای ناوبری، عملکرد ماهوارهها و نیروگاههای برق میشوند.
مریخنورد کنجکاوی در فاصله بسیار دورتر نیز از این پرتوها در امان نبود و ناسا در بهار سال جاری مجبور شد ارتباط با این ربات را به مدت یک ماه متوقف کند؛ حتی کاوشگر وویجر 1 که میلیاردها کیلومتر از خورشید فاصله دارد، تابستان 2012 دیگر هیچ سیگنالی از بادهای خورشیدی دریافت نکرد.
خورشید از حوزه بسیار بزرگ نفوذ برخوردار بوده و هرچه بیشتر به این ستاره سوزان نزدیکتر شویم، خطراتی بیشتری بروز میکنند.
محافظت از یک فضاپیما در برابر پرتوهای خورشید یکی از دشوارترین چالشهای پیش روی محققان است؛ در حقیقت سه نوع خطر پایهای در خصوص نزدیکشدن به خورشید وجود دارد که دو خطر امنیت فضاپیما را تحت تأثیر قرار میدهد.
دمای بسیار عظیم تاج خورشیدی
یکی از اسرار هلیوفیزیک یا علم فیزیک خورشید، داغتر بودن جو خورشید در مقایسه با سطح این ستاره است.
دمای سطح خورشید پنج هزار و 500 درجه سانتیگراد است، اما دمای تاج بین یک تا سه میلیون درجه سانتیگراد متغیر است؛ هر فضاپیمایی که به این منطقه برسد، تحت تأثیر دمای عظیم این ناحیه ذوب میشود.
فضاپیمای SPP قصد دارد بصورت مستقیم تاج خورشیدی را مورد بررسی قرار دهد و تا فاصله حدود 6.5 میلیون کیلومتری سطح خورشید نزدیک شود.
ساخت فضاپیمایی با قابلیت مقاومت در برابر دمای یک هزار و 200 تا یک هزار و 500 درجه سانتیگراد یا حتی بیشتر، بسیار دشوار است.
«بتسی کانگدان» از محققان آزمایشگاه فیزیک کاربردی دانشگاه جان هاپکینز و طراح سپر حرارتی کاوشگر SPP تأکید میکند: فضا میتواند با مقابله با این گرما کمک کند؛ سطح رو به خورشید که با سپر محافظتی پوشش داده میشود، قادر به تحمل گرمایی تا یک هزار و 400 درجه سانتیگراد است، اما بخش پشتی تنها 400 درجه سانتیگراد گرما را تحمل می کند.
سپر محافظتی از جنس کربن
سپر محافظتی از فوم کربن ساخته و توسط چسب کربن به یک بست تیتانیوم متصل شده است که نقش رادیاتور را ایفا کرده و گرما را از بخش عقب در فضا رها میکند؛ وزن این سپر 68 کیلوگرم و قطر آن 2.7 متر است.
این سپر مانند یک فریزبی (Frisbee) ساخته شده از جنس کربن عمل می کند.
برای طراحی سپر حفاظتی فضاپیمای SPP، از کاوشگر مسنجر بعنوان نخستین فضاپیمای برای بررسی عطارد الگوبرداری می شود؛ این کاوشگر دارای یک سایبان خورشیدی سرامیکی ضخیم بود که برای خنک نگه داشتن فضاپیما استفاده می شود.
همچنین محققان کاشی های حرارتی شاتل فضایی از جنس کامپوزیت کربن را نیز مورد بررسی قرار دادند.
با کمک پنل های خورشیدی فضاپیمای SPP، انرژی خورشید دریافت شده و پنلها از طریق چرخش آب درون لولههای تعبیه شده خنک میشوند.
منبع: خبرگزاری ایسنا
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